ABSTRACT
Viticulture is expanding in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Weed management is essential for the crop, so knowing the floristic composition of weeds in the vineyards makes this practice sustainable. This study aimed to evaluate the floristic composition of weed populations in grape crops in two seasons, considering different altitudes. The experiment was performed in four properties located in Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil, two of which were at altitudes above 500 m of and two below 500 m, in the winter (2018) and summer (2019) seasons. Weeds were identified with the square inventory method. The phytosociological analysis was based on absolute and relative parameters of frequency, density, dominance, importance value index, and relevance index, besides the diversity, evenness, and similarity indices. Fifty species, 41 genera, and 19 families were identified. The most representative families regarding the number of species were Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Malvaceae. In properties with higher altitudes, the species with the highest IVI was Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., in both seasons. In properties with lower altitudes, the highest IVI values were found for Malvastrum coromandelianum L. in the winter and Commelina benghalensis and Portulaca oleracea L. in the summer. The areas below 500 m of altitude showed the highest diversity and evenness indices. The proximity between the areas in both regions contributed to the increased similarity index. Altitude and time of the year contribute to the composition of the infesting community.
Subject(s)
Vitis , Plant WeedsABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of the packaging material (cotton cloth bag, multifolium paper and glass container) and storage environment (laboratory and cold chamber conditions) on fennel seedling growth. Seeds were placed in different packaging materials and exposed to the two environments for twelve months. Assessments were made before storage and at every two months and the following were determined: total emergence, emergence speed index, seedling fresh and dry matter. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications in a 2 x 3 x 6+1 factorial design in split split plots, where the plot was the storage environment (laboratory and cold chamber conditions); the split plot was the storage (cotton cloth bag, multifolium paper and glass container) and the split plot was the storage periods (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months) and plus an additional treatment (before storage). The results showed that the fennel seedlings had superior growth when their seeds were placed in the glass packaging material, regardless of the storage environment.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da embalagem (saco de algodão, papel multifoliado e vidro) e do ambiente de armazenamento (condições de laboratório e câmara fria) no crescimento de plântulas de erva doce. Para isso, as sementes foram acondicionadas nas diferentes embalagens e expostas aos dois ambientes durante doze meses. As avaliações foram feitas antes do armazenamento e a cada dois meses, tendo sido determinado: emergência total, índice de velocidade de emergência, massa fresca e seca das plântulas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 6 + 1 em parcelas subsubdivididas, no qual a parcela foi o ambiente de armazenamento (condições de laboratório e câmara fria); a subparcela as embalagens (saco de algodão, papel multifoliado e vidro) e a subsubparcela os períodos de armazenamento (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 meses) e mais um tratamento adicional (antes do armazenamento). Pelos resultados, demonstrou-se que as plântulas de erva doce apresentaram crescimento superior quando suas sementes foram acondicionadas na embalagem de vidro, independente do ambiente de armazenamento.
Subject(s)
Product Packaging , Pimpinella , Foeniculum , Food Storage , SeedsABSTRACT
Foi realizado um ensaio visando a avaliar o efeito residual da mistura pronta fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen (160+200g ha-1), presente nos solos ARGISSOLO AMARELO (PA) e LATOSSOLO AMARELO (LA), no crescimento de abóbora, pepino, milho e maracujá, utilizados como plantas-teste. Verificou-se que não houve diferença com relação à matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas-teste dentro do mesmo solo, o mesmo se constatando para matéria seca das raízes, com exceção das plantas de maracujá em LA. Independentemente dos solos analisados, o resíduo do herbicida presente no substrato resultou em redução de plantas daninhas de folhas largas germinadas, sem contudo reduzir o número total de plantas daninhas.
It was carried out an assay in order to evaluate the residual effect of the ready mixture fluazifop-p-buthyl + fomesafen (160+200g ha-1), present in the soils yellow Argisoil (YA) and yellow Latosol (YL), in the increase of pumpkin, cucumber, maize and passion fruit, used as test plant. It was not verified difference in relation to dry matter of the aerial part of test plant in the same soil, the same was verified to dry matter of the root, excepted passion fruit in La. Independently of the analyzed soils, the herbicide residues present in the substrate resulted in reduction of germinated broadleaved weed, without reducing the total number of weed.